The one nigeria story began in 1914 with the frederick lugard. Frederick lugard, administrator who played a major part in britains colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in east africa, west africa, and hong kong. He was appointed the first ever governorgeneral of the united nigeria. D student of political science at the department of political science university of ibadan ibadan, nigeria abstract the military is not by inclination trained to rule, but to defend. Its coast in the south is located on the gulf of guinea in the atlantic ocean. In character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in selfcontrol, discipline, and foresight. Constitutional development in nigeria from 1914 till date. The constitution, in nigerias situation, is the supreme law of the land which all acts of individuals and.
That has been the journey so far of nigerias constitution development, from the colonial era to the current 1999 edition, as amended. Lord lugard suffered poor understanding of our spiritual thinking due to language barrier. This frederick lugard s 1914 constitution amalgamated southern nigeria with northern nigeria. The clifford constitution of 1922 established the elective principle for the first time in nigeria.
Constitution helps those in government to do their work and it also helps the citizens to know their duties and rights. Constitutional and political development in nigeria part. Explained amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard. The evolution of trade union in nigeria can be tied to four. Lord lugard who associated with the political history of amalgamation the north and southern protectorates of nigeria and who became the first governor of the amalgamated territory of what we come to know as nigeria today ruled the country without any constitution in the real sense of the term. The resulting entity was administered under lord frederick lugard s government. The nigerian council 19141922 the nigerian council of 1914 was created by sir frederick lugard after the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates in 1914. The local administration consisted of traditional rulers and. Nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf. The aim of this work is to trace the history of nigeria s constitution from the 1922 constitution to the 1979 constitution. From his book, the dual mandates, come these excerpts. History of nigerian constitutional development the jet.
The idea of one nigeria dates back to 1914 with the frederick lugard constitution. In character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in. Its implementation national cohesion okereka, onofere princewill phd department of political science faculty of the social sciences. Introduction the politics of local government creation in nigeria is as old as the country itself. Sir lord lugards constitutional initiatives which led to the amalgamation. There was progress which was reported in the 1958 lancaster constitutional conference prior to nigerias independence. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the entity called. His name is especially associated with nigeria, where he served as high commissioner 190006 and governor and governorgeneral.
The impact of military coup detat on political development. The impact of military coup detat on political development in nigeria olorungbemi simeon toyin ph. British govern these areas by setting up the lord lugard committee to consider the. You will be happy to get this and start getting prepared for your forthcoming examinations and interviews right away. Local government, politics, governance and development. It was due to the outcome of the report that led to the river protectorate and niger territories to unite and form southern protectorate in 1900. The history and development of constitution in nigeria. Nigeria serves as a destination for marketing of goods and services, as such, her strategic position in africa calls for concern on political, social and economic issues that may bedeviled the.
Nigeria was the home of the classic system of indirect rule which sir fredrick later lord lugard, the father of that system, stamped upon a society widely different in kind, size and culture. Sir lord lugard s constitutional initiatives which led to the amalgamation. Constitutional development options for sustainable development in nigeria introduction it is necessary for a better understanding of the subject to state briefly the constitutional history of nigeria. The central government consisted of a governor, executive, and a legislative council oyebade 2003, 65. While, the remaining part of the niger for example, idah was merged with. With indirect rule there was a central government and a local administration oyebade 2003, 65.
This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to. A case for political decentralisation in nigeria a thesis submitted in fulfilment for the degree of master of arts international studies by research bowstock umaroho bachelor of science political science edo state university, ekpoma, nigeria school of global studies, social science and planning rmit university august 2006. He and his people took advantage of our trust and generosity, misunderstood our slow pace for change beyond current stage of development as lack of foresight and placidity. Nigerian constitutional development from 1914 till date. While each successive preindependence constitutional instrument was enacted through an orderincouncil of the british monarch, their postindependence counterparts were enacted in two ways. Two personalities were important in this study lord frederick lugard the then governor general, who can be described as the surgeon who performed the merger, and flora shaw later wife of lugard, former correspondent of the london times, who became the taxonomist that suggested the name nigeria. The concept of one nigeria dates back to 1914 when lord fredrick lugard succeeded in amalgamating the northern and southern protectorates. Lord lugard, the former governorgeneral of nigeria, in 1926, wrote his unfiltered thought about nigerians. Constitutional development in nigeria nigerian history. As a citizen of nigeria, anything that has to do with the constitution of nigeria should be your concern because the constitution is the supreme law of the land. Mar 09, 2020 constitutional development in nigeria from 1914 till date.
Lord lugard was not only an administrator of great skill, of outstanding and distinctive ability. The clifford constitution of 1922 features, merits. The aftermath of colonialism in nigeria has affected nigerias sociopolitical development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet. The oil producing states known as the southern nigeria and the north has also been turned to a dependent territory under the british powers in 1900. This occurrence was described as the annexation of lagos. It is the fundamental and organic law of a nation or state that establishes. Inside this nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf are all the 2020 current affairs questions and answers for the nigerian history since 1960 arranged according to categories.
It is on record that until now, eight constitutions have been operated in nigeria. Considering the provisions of clifford constitution, the legislative council was composed of 46 members of which official members including the governor and 19. The truth lord lugard saw about nigeria 100 years ago. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Historical background and development of the nigeria press in the political arena the historical background and development of the nigerian press commenced with the printing media on 3 rd december 1859 by a christian missionary named reverend henry townsend who established the first. Historical development of nigerian constitution bscholarly. The economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014. Constitution helps those in government to do their work and it also helps the citizens to know their duties. Frederick john dealtry lugard 22 january 1858 11 april 1945 was high commissioner of the protectorate of northern nigeria till 1906, having earlier, in august 1897.
History of nigeria constitution from 1914 till date. Rhodes, george taubman goldie and sir frederick lugard. The 1999 constitution and role of lawyers commission. The only novel and democratic aspect of this constitution was its elective principle, provided only for lagos, the capital city, and calabar, a town in the southeastern corner of the country. Lord lugard and his impression of nigerians and africans. Constitutional development in nigeria from 1914 till date nigeria is unarguably one of the most influential countries in africa. Nov 23, 2009 lord frederick john dealtry lugard 22 january 1858 11 april 1945 was high commissioner of the protectorate of northern nigeria till 1906, having earlier, in august 1897, organized the west african frontier force which he commanded until december 1899. Constitutional and political development in nigeria part ii. Its implementation national cohesion okereka, onofere princewill phd. The constitution of the federal republic of nigeria 1999. Nigerias constitutional development up to the present time pointing out, where necessary, the stresses and strains which this development has involved, and finally hazarding prospects for the countrys future. Nigerian public service reforms and the fourth republic experience. A constitution is a collection of rules and regulation that govern or guide the actions of a country.
From the beginnings of colonization in nigeria, lord lugard put indirect rule in place oyebade 2003, 65. Lord frederick lugard, who established the geographical contraption he, with the help of his lover, gave the name nigeria. The constitution of nigeria is the supreme law of the federal republic of nigeria nigeria has had a series of constitutions. The legislative council the constitution provided for a legislative council in place of the nigerian council of lord lugard. While lord lugard and his fellow colonialists were reaping the benefits of their colonial exploits, the people of the areas were hoping for. The clifford constitution was named after the then governor of nigeria. Constitution of the federal republic of nigeria pdf download. The establishment of the nigerian council marked the first stage of constitutional development in nigeria. The truth lord lugard saw about nigeria 100 years ago the truth lord lugard saw about nigeria 100 years ago. On becoming governor of the amalgamated nigeria in 1914, lord lugard established the nigerian council. The membership of the clifford legislative council was 46. The role of the native advisory council in the bechuanaland. He was governor of hong kong 19071912, the last governor of the southern nigeria protectorate 19121914, the first high commissioner 19001906.
The regional governments of the north, west and east were born. Clifford merged the legislative council meant for the colony of lagos with the nigerian council to become a new one under the new ordinance. Principles and concepts august 2014 about this series these constitutionbuilding primers are intended to assist incountry constitutionbuilding or constitutionalreform processes by. Nov 24, 2015 on this page you can read or download constitutional development in nigeria pdf in pdf format. Lord lugard and his impression of nigerians and africans in. The clifford constitution of 1922 abolished the nigerian council of 1914 as it was replaced by a new legislative council through which nigerians will be given access to power via electoral principles. It began with the sir frederick lugards amalgamation report of the 1914. Prof ben nwabueze has suggested that nigeria was not a state until amalgamation in 1914. Constitutional conference charts the future of nigeria. The importance of a constitution in any given society cannot be overemphasized. Nigeria is unarguably one of the most influential countries in africa. In the first part of this paper, it is proposed to skeletally examine nigerian. A close examination of the litany of constitutions in nigeria should assist us to drive home the point. This is because nigeria has had a plethora of constitutions, some adopted or enacted while some ended at the draft stage spanning preindependent to present day nigeria.
For nearly a quarter of a century, nigeria was ruled under the instrument of the clifford constitution of 1922. She married, on 10 june 1902, lugard, who, in 1928, was created baron lugard. In the following years, there were series of constitutional development that culminated in. She accompanied him when he served as governor of hong kong 19071912 and governorgeneral of nigeria 19141919. An analytical study of nigerias constitutionmaking developments and the historical and political factors that affected constitutional change 1960. Before the amalgamation by lord fredrick lugard, the british colonialism of nigeria began in the year 1861, when lagos was ceded to britain. Nigerian public service reforms and the fourth republic. In this article, i will trace the development of the constitution of nigeria from 1914 the first constitution of nigeria by lord lugard till 1963 republican constitution. History of nigerian constitutional development 1914 1960.
It was a cheap method of administering large areas which would otherwise have involved a lot of fmancial expenses. This strategy provides a wellarticulated blue print that has helped governments drive home their efforts towards sustainable and national. Challenges and prospects 126 chiefs and rulers initially in the colonial administration, it must be noted, is an acknowledgment of the existence of institutionalized arrangement for the conduct of public affairs even before the coming of the colonizer okunade. As at 1861, lagos was already an area that was controlled by the colonial masters and it was known as the lagos colony. The evolution, development and practice of federalism in. The right to ownership and control of natural resources under the nigerian law is constitutional.
This council was established in 1914 by lord fredric lugard after the amalgamation of the southern and northern nigerian. Lord frederick lugard, in a bid to simplify his colonial duties and subsidize his northern territory with his southern territory. It has been noted that the establishment of this council marked a watershed in the history of constitutional development in nigeria. History of nigerian constitutional development the. Constitutional development in nigeria there are divergent views on the number of constitutions nigeria which have existed in nigeria. Mar 17, 2016 history of nigerian constitutional development introduction.
On this page you can read or download constitutional development in nigeria pdf in pdf format. Frederick john dealtry lugard, 1st baron lugard, gcmg, cb, dso, pc 22 january 1858 11 april 1945, known as sir frederick lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a british soldier, mercenary, explorer of africa and colonial administrator. Apr 26, 2018 nigerias constitutional development history can be divided into two epochs or generations. May 07, 20 what was later to be known as the clifford s constitution of 1922 opened the epoch of constitutional development in nigeria. Britains colonial administrations and developments, 1861. This council had jurisdiction over the entire country except lagos colony where the lagos legislative council still existed, however, the nigerian council was a failure. The constitution, in nigerias situation, is the supreme law of the land which all acts of individuals and of parliament must not contravene. Oct 28, 20 on becoming governor of the amalgamated nigeria in 1914, lord lugard established the nigerian council. Sir hugh clifford constitution 19221925 the clifford constitution was named after the then governor of nigeria.
Jan 15, 2017 tagged clifford constitution, constitutional development in nigeria, nigeria, political development, political system, politics. However, the elective principle was limited to male adults that have resided in nigeria for over 12 months and have a gross annual income of 100 pounds. The constitutional development of the country saw the 1946 arthur richard constitution that really defined nigeria in terms of regions. The clifford constitution of 1922 disposed the nigerian council of lord lugard 1914 and set up a new legislative council for the southern protectorate. Get a fullyhyperlinked free pdf softcopy of the 1999 nigerian constitution, as amended. Twenty seven out of the 46 members were officials while 19 were unofficial members. British govern these areas by setting up the lord lugard committee to consider the future administration of nigeria.
History of nigerian constitutional development the jet lawyer. Socially and ethnically, nigeria is a heterogeneous society. That has been the journey so far of nigeria s constitution development, from the colonial era to the current 1999 edition, as amended. Read the fulltext online edition of constitutional developments in nigeria.
National economic emancipation and development strategy needs is government response to the fight against poverty, hunger and underdevelopment in nigeria from the federal level to the local level. Clifford succeeded lugard as the then governor of nigeria and grafted the 1922 constitution. Constitutional development in nigeria 4940 words bartleby. Evolution of const 1 issn 20546335print, issn 20546343online itutional government in nigeria. The nigerian state was a product of 1914 amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates by lord lugard. It is precisely because this constitutional process is seen as a way of overcoming the divisions that have undermined nigeria since independence in 196odivisions which were deliberately fostered by lord lugard and the british from the. Mar 25, 2020 constitutional development in nigeria from 1914 till date nigeria is unarguably one of the most influential countries in africa. The system was the only immediate means through which these different groups of peoples were saved from dictatorial systems of government. Constitutional and political development in nigeria part i. Frederick lugard british colonial administrator britannica.
This will help us to understand better, how previous constitutions have been fashioned for nigeria and will go a great length in making us understand the source of our present constitution from the looking glass of constitutional history. Establishment of the elective principle by clifford in 1922. History of amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard. Shaw was close to the three men who most epitomised empire in africa. What lord lugard thought about nigerians nigeria village square.
It is made up of a large number of groups commonly referred to. Mar, 2020 in this article, i will trace the development of the constitution of nigeria from 1914 the first constitution of nigeria by lord lugard till 1963 republican constitution. Pdf ownership and control of natural resources under the. Doc the economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014. Essentially, it is proposed to examine salient issues and problems in the extant nigerian constitution which, arguably, deconstruct or undermine traditional human rights jurisprudence and goal.
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